Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a 200 year-long research
history. Our understanding about its clinical phenotype and pathogenesis remains limited …

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are an important and ubiquitous determinant of
quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, robust evidence for their treatment is still …

Sialorrhea, or excessive saliva beyond the margin of the lip, is a common problem in many
neurological diseases. Previously, sialorrhea has been underrecognized in Parkinson's …

Background and Objectives To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated injections of
incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT/A) for treatment of chronic sialorrhea (drooling) associated …

Sialorrhoea is a frequent symptom of neurological diseases (eg Parkinson's disease, motor
neuron disease, cerebral palsy, and stroke) and is defined as excessive saliva accumulation …

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) in 1989 for facial movement disorders and strabismus, but since that time its …

The review is an introduction to medical, non-cosmetic treatments with botulinum neurotoxin
(BoNT) in the orofacial region. It focuses on the current most common, best-documented and …

Background and purpose Sialorrhea often happens in patients with neurologic disorders,
and botulinum toxin (BoNT), which inhibits acetylcholine activation, may be an effective …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects many
organs. Lewy bodies—a histopathological “hallmark” of PD—are detected in about 75% of …

Abstract Introduction Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present a variety of oral disease
that can be worsened by xerostomia and sialorrhea. The patients' physical limitations, for …