This paper presents open challenges and perspectives of propellant management for
crewed deep space exploration. The most promising propellants are liquid hydrogen and …

With the growing interest in space exploration, cryogenic technologies involving two-phase
flow and heat transfer are in high demand to successfully procure advanced space …

Future cryogenic propulsion systems will require efficient methods to chill down transfer
lines and propellant tanks prior to transfer of propellant while in space. When chilling down …

This paper is the first of a two-part series that presents experimental data and analysis on
the liquid nitrogen quenching heat transfer process of a stainless-steel tube with an inner …

Currently, there is considerable interest in constitutive relations for accurate heat transfer
prediction during cryogenic feed line chill-down to optimize the cryogen requirement and …

Closure models for transient cryogenic quench flow boiling heat transfer prediction are
finding significant attention to support the design of energy-efficient, cost-effective, and …

In this study, closed loop chilldown experiments are performed on a 0.009525 m outer
diameter SS-316 tube of length 0.6 m and thickness 0.001651 m in a horizontal flow …

The space exploration from a low earth orbit to a high earth orbit, then to Moon, Mars, and
possibly asteroids and moons of other planets is one of the biggest challenges for scientists …

This paper is the second of a two-part series that presents experimental data and analysis
on the liquid nitrogen quenching heat transfer process of a stainless-steel tube with an inner …

Future cryogenic propulsion systems will require efficient methods for transferring cryogenic
propellants from a depot storage tank to a customer receiver tank to minimize costs and …