The energy efficiency of a CMOS digital logic circuit is fundamentally limited by the nonideal
switching behavior of transistors, specifically their nonzero off-state current and finite …

DC-bias-dependent oscillatory behavior of micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) relays is
investigated via experimental study and replicated with finite-element-method-based …

Semiconductor diodes suffer from non-idealities in performance, particularly non-zero
forward voltage and reverse leakage current, which limit the energy efficiency of power …