BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

Humans have continuously interacted with natural systems, resulting in the formation and
development of coupled human and natural systems (CHANS). Recent studies reveal the …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) that exclude fishing have been shown repeatedly to
enhance the abundance, size, and diversity of species. These benefits, however, mean little …

The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all
plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in …

Conservation planning is the process of locating, configuring, implementing and maintaining
areas that are managed to promote the persistence of biodiversity and other natural values …

Rapid and radical degradation of the world's oceans is triggering increasing calls for more
effective approaches to protect, maintain, and restore marine ecosystems (Allison et al …

Ecological resilience to climate change is a combination of resistance to increasingly
frequent and severe disturbances, capacity for recovery and self-organization, and ability to …

Overfishing and habitat destruction due to local and global threats are undermining
fisheries, biodiversity, and the long-term sustainability of tropical marine ecosystems …

Networks of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely advocated for the
conservation of marine biodiversity. But for MPA networks to be successful in protecting …

The several forms of ecological spatial connectivity–population, genetic, community,
ecosystem–are among the most important ecological processes in determining the …