The physics of lightning

JR Dwyer, MA Uman - Physics Reports, 2014 - Elsevier
Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena, lightning
remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how lightning is …

High-energy atmospheric physics: Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and related phenomena

JR Dwyer, DM Smith, SA Cummer - Space Science Reviews, 2012 - Springer
It is now well established that both thunderclouds and lightning routinely emit x-rays and
gamma-rays. These emissions appear over wide timescales, ranging from sub-microsecond …

Observations of narrow bipolar events reveal how lightning is initiated in thunderstorms

W Rison, PR Krehbiel, MG Stock, HE Edens… - Nature …, 2016 - nature.com
A long-standing but fundamental question in lightning studies concerns how lightning is
initiated inside storms, given the absence of physical conductors. The issue has revolved …

A GPS‐based three‐dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in central New Mexico

W Rison, RJ Thomas, PR Krehbiel… - Geophysical …, 1999 - Wiley Online Library
A GPS‐based system has been developed that accurately locates the sources of VHF
radiation from lightning discharges in three spatial dimensions and time. The observations …

LINET—An international lightning detection network in Europe

HD Betz, K Schmidt, P Laroche, P Blanchet… - Atmospheric …, 2009 - Elsevier
During the past years a VLF/LF lightning detection network (LINET) was developed at the
University of Munich, which provides continuous data for both research and operational …

Global distributions and occurrence rates of transient luminous events

AB Chen, CL Kuo, YJ Lee, HT Su… - Journal of …, 2008 - Wiley Online Library
We report the global transient luminous event (TLE) distributions and rates based on the
Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) experiment onboard the …

Overview of recent progress in lightning research and lightning protection

VA Rakov, F Rachidi - IEEE transactions on electromagnetic …, 2009 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This review paper, prepared for this second special issue on lightning of the IEEE
Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, summarizes major publications on lightning …

Fast negative breakdown in thunderstorms

JN Tilles, N Liu, MA Stanley, PR Krehbiel… - Nature …, 2019 - nature.com
Thunderstorms are natural laboratories for studying electrical discharges in air, where the
vast temporal, spatial, and energy scales available can spawn surprising phenomena that …

[HTML][HTML] Performance assessment of the world wide lightning location network (WWLLN), using the Los Alamos sferic array (LASA) as ground truth

AR Jacobson, R Holzworth, J Harlin… - … of Atmospheric and …, 2006 - journals.ametsoc.org
Performance Assessment of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), Using
the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) as Ground Truth in: Journal of Atmospheric and …

Observations of VHF source powers radiated by lightning

RJ Thomas, PR Krehbiel, W Rison… - Geophysical …, 2001 - Wiley Online Library
Three‐dimensional lightning mapping observations have been used to estimate the peak
source powers radiated by individual VHF events of lightning discharges. The peak powers …