Segmentation has been a rooted area of research having diverse dimensions. The roots of
image segmentation and its associated techniques have supported computer vision, pattern …

Context: Many scientific and technical literature documents contain MSs and MEs that are
more challenging to be recognized by computers than plain text. The recognition of HMSE …

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have recently demonstrated significant
potential in mathematical abilities, providing valuable reasoning paradigm consistent with …

Tools based on machine learning (ML) have seen widespread application in the prediction
and categorization of mathematical symbols and phrases. The purpose of this work is to …

With the advent and advancement of machine learning and deep learning techniques,
machine-based recognition systems for mathematical text have captivated the attention of …

The problems that stand with the existing solution of handwritten equation recognizer have
numerous problems such as not being purely based on ML and thus unable to occupy …

Mathematical expression or formula recognition system is evolving field in pattern
recognition. Various methods are implemented by different researchers on wide areas …

An automatic system that helps teachers and students verify the correctness of handwritten
derivation in mathematics homework is proposed. The system acquires input image …

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to identify and solve systems of high‐order
equations. We rely on traditional solution methods to build algorithms to solve automated …

An enormous number of world populations in current time are unique in that sense that they
have no broad language because of the absence of their hearing capability. The people with …