Cells and tissues generate and are exposed to various mechanical forces that act across a
range of scales, from tissues to cells to organelles. Forces provide crucial signals to inform …

Vascular endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through liberating a spectrum of
vasoactive molecules, both protective and harmful regulators of vascular tone, structural …

Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality
worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths
worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood …

Background: Inflamed endothelial cells (ECs) trigger atherogenesis, especially at arterial
regions experiencing disturbed blood flow. UCP2 (Uncoupling protein 2), a key …

The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability,
inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular …

As one of the main appendages of skin, hair follicles play an important role in the process of
skin regeneration. Hair follicle is a tiny organ formed by the interaction between epidermis …

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles
and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) is a …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secretory proteins belonging to the transforming
growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins play important roles in embryogenesis …

An essential pathogenic element of acute limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is
microvascular dysfunction. The majority of studies indicates that fibroblast growth factor 2 …