Synchronous grouting is one of the most important methods to prevent surface settlement
and water seepage accidents in shield tunnel construction. Various compositions and …

Cross-sea engineering plays a crucial role in the advancement of human society. However,
due to geological constraints, cross-sea tunnels, as the primary infrastructure of such …

Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, proposed to increase the efficiency of
tunnel seismic isolation measures, are too complex for solving practical problems. Herein, a …

The aim of this study is to introduce a protective layer to safeguard tunnel structures. In
practice, one viable approach to create this protective layer between the tunnel structure and …

Composite piles have emerged as a popular alternative to conventional piling materials for
deep foundations and have gained significant traction as a specific type of pile due to their …

Seismic isolation is an effective strategy to mitigate the risk of seismic damage in tunnels.
However, the impact of surface-reflected seismic waves on the effectiveness of tunnel …

Traditional cement-based grouting materials have good reinforcement and anti-seepage
effects on the surrounding rock under normal conditions, but the grouting effect is not ideal …