Significance: Innate and adaptive immunity play fundamental roles in the development of
hypertension and its complications. As effectors of the cell-mediated immune response …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that becomes elevated in chronic
inflammatory states such as hypertension and diabetes and has been found to mediate both …

Asymmetric (NG, NG)-dimethylarginine (ADMA) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOS).
ADMA is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular mortality, and progression …

In the kidney nitric oxide (NO) has numerous important functions including the regulation of
renal haemodynamics, maintenance of medullary perfusion, mediation of pressure …

Phagocytes generate superoxide anion (O2−) by a classic, 5-component NADPH oxidase.
O2− contributes to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Therefore, we …

The discovery in 1987 that endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) mediates the vasodilatory
effect of certain endothelium-dependent agonists1, 2 inaugurated the current huge field of …

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in various physiological processes in the kidney. In
vivo experiments first suggested that the natriuretic and diuretic effects caused by NO may …

Perfusion of the renal medulla plays an important role in salt and water balance. Pericytes
are smooth muscle-like cells that impart contractile function to descending vasa recta (DVR) …

Nitrix oxide (NO) is a labile radical gas that is widely acclaimed as one of the most important
molecules in biology. Through covalent modifications of target proteins and redox reactions …

Loss of redox homeostasis and formation of excessive free radicals play an important role in
the pathogenesis of kidney disease and hypertension. Free radicals such as reactive …