Chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate multiple processes such morphogenesis,
angiogenesis and immune responses. Among the chemokine receptors, CXCR4 stands out …

The concept of biased agonism has recently come to the fore with the realization that seven-
transmembrane receptors (7TMRs, also known as G protein–coupled receptors, or GPCRs) …

The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and
desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide …

Beta-blockers are widely used molecules that are able to antagonize β-adrenergic receptors
(ARs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and receive their stimulus from …

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a central signaling node involved in the
modulation of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also displaying regulatory …

All physiological events in living organisms originated as specific chemical/biochemical
signals on the cell surface and transmitted into the cytoplasm. This signal is translated within …

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate numerous G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) by phosphorylating the intracellular domain of the active receptor, resulting in …

Accumulating evidence indicates that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a
versatile protein that acts as a signaling hub by modulating G protein-coupled receptor …

Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by exuberant systemic inflammation. Although the
inducers of this feature remain unknown, the presence of circulating forms of oxidized …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage
degeneration, with no available disease-modifying therapy. OA is driven by pathological …