Vertebrate animals exploit the elastic properties of their tendons in several different ways.
Firstly, metabolic energy can be saved in locomotion if tendons stretch and then recoil …

The stresses acting in muscle-tendon units and ligaments of the forelimb and hindlimb of
horses were determined over a range of speed and gait based on recordings of ground …

A new versatile hydraulically powered quadruped robot (HyQ) has been developed to serve
as a platform to study not only highly dynamic motions, such as running and jumping, but …

Humans walk and run at a range of speeds. While steady locomotion at a given speed
requires no net mechanical work, moving faster does demand both more positive and …

Animals have evolved remarkable biomechanical and physiological systems that enable
their rich repertoire of motion. Animal Locomotion offers a fundamental understanding of …

The energetic costs of different behaviours are critical in modulating the behavioural ecology
of free‐living animals. Despite this, measurement of energy expenditure in the field has …

The dynamic similarity hypothesis postulates that different mammals move in a dynamically
similar fashion whenever they travel at speeds that give them equal values of a …

Running animals and robots can save energy and reduce unwanted heat production by
bouncing along on springs, using the principle of the pogo stick.(The principal springs in …

Seven species of ground‐dwelling birds (body mass range: 0.045‐90 kg) were filmed while
walking and running on a treadmill. High‐speed light films were also taken of humans to …

Large mammals save much of the energy they would otherwise need for running by means
of elastic structures in their legs. Kinetic and potential energy, lost at one stage of a stride, is …