Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants
currently recommended by the US EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) …

Anaerobic digestion is a promising approach for waste activated sludge (WAS) disposal.
However, a wide range of exogenous pollutants (eg heavy metals, nanoparticles) exists in …

Benzalkonium chloride is a concern because of its widespread use combined with
environmental impacts. It has been found throughout the built and natural environment in …

All types of building materials are rapidly colonized by microorganisms, initially through an
invisible and then later a visible biofilm that leads to their biodeterioration. Over centuries …

The identification and quantification of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs)
in aquatic ecosystems is critical to further studies and elucidation of their fate as well as the …

Eighteen biocides used in building materials and domestic products were monitored in
wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during dry weather and in combined sewer overflows …

Biocides are added to or applied on building materials to prevent microorganisms from
growing on their surface or to treat them. They are leached into building runoff and …

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are high-production chemicals used as cleaning
and disinfecting agents. Due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and several …

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of surfactants commonly used in
disinfecting and cleaning products. Their use has substantially increased during the COVID …

Antimicrobial compounds are used in a broad range of personal care, consumer and
healthcare products and are frequently encountered in modern life. The use of these …