To further improve the energy conversion efficiency of internal combustion engine, the
transient and complex air flow movement inside the cylinder needs to be better understood …

Time-resolved vortices are indispensable rotational flow structures which impact fuel-air
mixing, combustion, and thermal efficiency of internal combustion engine. In-cylinder flow …

The complex vortex flow interactions are critical to affect the fuel–air mixing and combustion
stability in direct-injection engine. However, due to the strong cyclic variations inside engine …

In-cylinder flow characteristics play a significant role in the fuel–air mixing process of Spark-
Ignition Direct-Injection (SIDI) engines. Typically, planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is …

The cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) of in-cylinder flow make critical impact on internal
combustion engine performance. The flow structure evolution and its cyclic variations need …

Research engines with optical access can assist traditional engine development and
optimization by providing first-hand information of in-cylinder combustion process. However …

The continuous improvement of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is largely attributed to
the enhanced understanding of air-fuel mixing and combustion processes. This work …

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the in-cylinder flow field are widely used
in the design of internal combustion engines (ICEs) and must be validated against …

Large-scale vortex motion could enhance the fuel-air mixing and the combustion stability
inside a directinjection engine. For in-cylinder vortex motion analysis, detection of the vortex …

Partial conversion of the large inventory of compression-ignition engines to natural-gas (NG)
spark-ignition lean-burn operation can reduce US dependence on imported petroleum and …