Elevational and polar treelines have been studied for more than two centuries. The aim of
the present article is to highlight in retrospect the scope of treeline research, scientific …

Purpose Treelines and forest lines (TFLs) have received growing interest in recent decades,
due to their potential role as indicators of climate change. However, the understanding of …

The general trend of climatically-driven treeline advance is modified by regional, local and
temporal variations. Treelines will not advance in a closed front parallel to the shift of any …

This review summarizes current understanding of drivers for change and of the impact of
accelerating global changes on mountains, encompassing effects of climate change and …

The forest limits of south-east Norway have expanded to higher altitudes. Two main
processes are believed to cause these changes: regrowth after abandonment of human …

Three plots were sampled along an altitudinal gradient in the upper Susa Valley (Piedmont,
Italy) on a northeastern slope from 1800 to 2300 m asl In order to reconstruct recent …

The coupling between air and ground temperatures in the mountains of southern Norway
was examined using 12 shallow boreholes drilled in August 2008. Three borehole arrays (at …

Scales in treeline research depend on the objectives and must match the underlying natural
processes. Factors and processes at one scale may not be as important at another scale. In …

Mountain ecosystems are commonly regarded as being highly sensitive to global change.
Due to the system complexity and multifaceted interacting drivers, however, understanding …

Earlier land use in European mountains included grazing by different kinds of livestock,
while today it may be more homogenous, and the grazing may have either been intensified …