Global movement patterns of migratory birds illustrate their fascinating physical and
physiological abilities to cross continents and oceans. During their voyages, most birds land …

Using optimality perspectives is now regarded as an essential way of analysing and
understanding adaptations and behavioural strategies in bird migration. Optimization …

The Flexible Phenotype attempts a true synthesis of physiology, behaviour, and ecology by
developing an empirical argument that describes the intimate connections between …

The extraordinary adaptations of birds to contend with atmospheric conditions during their
migratory flights have captivated ecologists for decades. During the 21st century …

Many insects undertake long-range seasonal migrations to exploit temporary breeding sites
hundreds or thousands of kilometers apart, but the behavioral adaptations that facilitate …

Many latitudinal insect migrants including agricultural pests, disease vectors, and beneficial
species show huge fluctuations in the year-to-year abundance of spring immigrants …

Faster migration in spring than in autumn seems to be a common pattern in birds. This has
been ultimately explained by seasonally different selection pressures. Variation in migration …

Although fat is the primary fuel for migratory flight in birds, protein is also used. Catabolism of
tissue protein yields five times as much water per kilojoule as fat, and so one proposed …

An innate migration strategy guides birds through space and time. Environmental variation
further modulates individual behaviour within a genetically determined frame. In particular …

Background Over the past decade, the miniaturisation of animal borne tags such as
geolocators and GPS-transmitters has revolutionized our knowledge of the whereabouts of …