The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology,
carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified …

Thiazide-induced hyponatremia is one of the main causes of decreased sodium levels in
elderly individuals. This review presents the current evidence regarding the thiazide …

Soon after their introduction in 1957, thiazide diuretics became a recognized cause of
hyponatremia. Thiazides may be the sole cause and they may exacerbate hyponatremia in …

Renal tubule epithelial cells express the insulin receptor (IR); however, their value has not
been firmly established. We generated mice with renal epithelial cell-specific knockout of the …

Role of proteolysis in the activation of epithelial sodium c... : Current Opinion in Nephrology
and Hypertension Role of proteolysis in the activation of epithelial sodium channels : Current …

Studies done in cell culture have demonstrated that insulin activates the epithelial sodium
channel (ENaC) via a variety of mechanisms. However, to date, upregulation of ENaC in …

Purpose A circadian timing system is involved in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte
balance and blood pressure control. Aldosterone and vasopressin modulate ion transporters …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine-threonine-specific kinase, is a cellular
energy sensor, integrating growth factor and nutrient signaling. In the collecting duct (CD) of …

The mechanisms underlying “aldosterone escape,” which refers to the excretion of sodium
(Na+) during high Na+ intake despite inappropriately increased levels of mineralocorticoids …

Vasopressin (AVP) induces antidiuresis, thus playing an essential role in body water and
electrolyte homeostasis. Its antidiuretic effects are mediated chiefly by V2 vasopressin …