Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune
functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of enzymes that join in a three-enzyme ubiquitination
cascade together with ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 …

The ubiquitin system is complex, multifaceted, and is crucial for the modulation of a vast
number of cellular processes. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated at different levels by a range …

The deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs, also known as deubiquitylases or deubiquitinases)
maintain the dynamic state of the cellular ubiquitome by releasing conjugated ubiquitin from …

Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis that is mediated by various cytokines and
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Cells dying by necroptosis show necrotic phenotypes …

Integrins are the major family of adhesion molecules that mediate cell adhesion to the
extracellular matrix. They are essential for embryonic development and influence numerous …

Cell death is central to development, organismal homeostasis, and immune responses. The
cell death field has experienced tremendous progress by delineating the molecular …

More than a decade after a Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of the ubiquitin–
proteasome system and clinical approval of proteasome and ubiquitin E3 ligase inhibitors …