Cichlid fishes constitute one of the most species-rich families of vertebrates. In addition to
complex social behaviour and morphological versatility, they are characterised by extensive …

Social interactions and relative positions within a dominance hierarchy have helped shape
the evolution of reproduction in many animals. Since reproduction is crucial in all animals …

Hormones and receptors coevolve to generate species diversity in hormone action. We
compared the structure and function of androgen receptors (ARs) across fishes, with a focus …

Female–female aggression often functions in competition over reproductive or social
benefits, but the proximate mechanisms of this apparently adaptive behaviour are not well …

In males, testosterone plays a key role in ornament production and linking ornamentation
with reproductive behaviors and other traits to produce an integrated phenotype. Less is …

Social environment can affect the expression of sex-typical behavior in both males and
females. Males of the African cichlid species Astatotilapia burtoni have long served as a …

Most animals encounter social challenges throughout their lives as they compete for
resources. Individual responses to such challenges can depend on social status, sex, and …

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many
questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under …

Competition for mates can play a critical role in determining reproductive success, shaping
phenotypic variation within populations, and influencing divergence. Yet, studies of the role …

The expression of sexually selected traits, such as ornaments or body coloration, is often
influenced by environmental conditions. While such phenotypic plasticity is often thought to …