Temperament describes the idea that individual behavioural differences are repeatable over
time and across situations. This common phenomenon covers numerous traits, such as …

Individual variation in behavior and physiology is a widespread and ecologically functional
phenomenon in nature in virtually all vertebrate species. Due to domestication of laboratory …

Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and its
ecological and evolutionary significance, but have mostly ignored questions about its …

ABSTRACT A behavioral syndrome is a suite of correlated behaviors expressed either
within a given behavioral context (eg, correlations between foraging behaviors in different …

Human activities have caused a near-ubiquitous and evolutionarily-unprecedented increase
in environmental sound levels and artificial night lighting. These stimuli reorganize …

Individual humans, and members of diverse other species, show consistent differences in
aggressiveness, shyness, sociability and activity. Such intraspecific differences in behaviour …

When I was an undergraduate in Oxford, we were taught economics almost as though it
were a natural science. The subject matter of economics might be different from physics, but …

In recent years evidence has been accumulating that personalities are not only found in
humans but also in a wide range of other animal species,,,,,,. Individuals differ consistently in …

This review examines the contribution of research on fishes to the growing field of
behavioural syndromes. Current knowledge of behavioural syndromes in fishes is reviewed …

Why do we get the stress-related diseases we do? Why do some people have flare ups of
autoimmune disease, whereas others suffer from melancholic depression during a stressful …