Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of
insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive
loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance …

Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to osteoarthritis (OA) and disc degeneration. Hypoxia
inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediated mitophagy has a protective role in several diseases …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Background Dynamic changes of histone posttranslational modifications are important
contexts of epigenetic reprograming after fertilization in pre-implantation embryos. Recently …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia,
hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (IR). During the early phase of T2D, insulin …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the
secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness for adults in developed
countries. Both microvasculopathy and neurodegeneration are implicated in mechanisms of …

We have reported that autophagy is crucial for clearance of amyloidogenic human IAPP
(hIAPP) oligomer, suggesting that an autophagy enhancer could be a therapeutic modality …

Aims/hypothesis The conserved hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α) injury-response pro-
survival pathway has recently been implicated in early beta cell dysfunction but slow beta …