Since the discovery nearly 60 years ago, cAMP is envisioned as one of the most universal
and versatile second messengers. The tremendous feature of cAMP to tightly control highly …

It is now established that airway smooth muscle (ASM) has roles in determining airway
structure and function, well beyond that as the major contractile element. Indeed, changes in …

Fibroblast-collagen matrix culture has facilitated the analysis of cell physiology under
conditions that more closely resemble an in vivo-like environment compared to conventional …

The increased proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are critical
processes in the formation of airway remodeling in asthma. Long non-coding RNAs …

The biological responses of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are diverse, in part due to ASM
phenotype plasticity. ASM phenotype plasticity refers to the ability of ASM cells to change the …

Acetylcholine is the primary parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airways and an
autocrine/paracrine secreted hormone from non-neuronal origins including inflammatory …

Airway remodelling, including smooth muscle remodelling, is a primary cause of airflow
limitation in asthma. Recent evidence links bronchoconstriction to airway remodelling in …

Since ancient times, anticholinergics have been used as a bronchodilator therapy for
obstructive lung diseases. Targets of these drugs are G-protein-coupled muscarinic M1, M2 …

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease featured by inflammation and
remodeling of airway. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSCs)-derived exosomal …

Background Asthma belongs to chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases characterized by
airway inflammation and remodeling. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are promising therapeutic …