Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by dopaminergic
neurodegeneration in the brain. The development of parkinsonism is preceded by a long …

Retinal imaging technology is rapidly advancing and can provide ever-increasing amounts
of information about the structure, function and molecular composition of retinal tissue in …

Abstract Background Patients with Parkinson's disease experience visual symptoms,
partially originating from retinal changes. Since 2011, multiple case-control studies using …

Objective To analyze the relationship between retinal thinning and nigral dopaminergic loss
in de novo Parkinson disease (PD). Methods Forty-nine patients with PD and 54 age …

Despite decades of research, accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease remains a
challenge, and disease-modifying treatments are still lacking. Research into the early …

Background and purpose Central retina imaging is important for early Parkinson's disease
(PD) recognition. We aimed to investigate central retina changes using spectral domain …

Background and purpose Retinal pathological changes may precede or accompany the
deterioration of brain tissue in Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this meta‐analysis …

Investigators have increasingly turned to studying the retina as a window into brain structure
and function. In neuropsychiatric diseases, retinal anatomy as assessed by optical …

We investigated the association between retinal changes measured using optical coherence
tomography (OCT) and diverse clinical grading scales in patients with Parkinson's disease …

Background Retinal optical coherence tomography findings in Lewy body diseases and their
implications for visual outcomes remain controversial. We investigated whether region …