Neuroinflammation has been identified as a causative factor of multiple neurological
diseases. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-and pyrin …

Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous cell population that is mainly shaped by a
variety of microenvironmental stimuli. Interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and …

The classical view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has
recently been challenged. Both in organisms lacking adaptive immunity as well as in …

In order to adapt to the reduced availability of nutrients and oxygen in the tumor
microenvironment and the increased requirements of energy and building blocks necessary …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to cognitive
decline, neuropsychiatric symptoms, disability, caregiver burden, and premature death. It …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment
in non-medullary thyroid cancer (TC), the most common endocrine malignancy. However …

In recent years, it has become appreciated that immune cells have different metabolic
profiles depending on their activation status. During sepsis, circulating leukocytes go …

Extracellular vesicle (EV), critical mediators of cell-cell communication, allow cells to
exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and therefore profoundly affect the general …

Metastatic behavior varies significantly among breast cancers. Mechanisms explaining why
the majority of breast cancer patients never develop metastatic outgrowth are largely lacking …

Macrophages are important innate immune defense system cells in the fight against
bacterial and fungal pathogenic infections. They exhibit significant plasticity, particularly with …