Plants can reorient their growth direction by sensing organ tilt relative to the direction of
gravity. With respect to gravity sensing in gravitropism, the classic starch statolith hypothesis …

The study of chloroplast movement made a quantum leap at the beginning of the twenty-first
century. Research based on reverse-genetic approaches using targeted mutants has …

Organelles are dynamic yet highly organized to preserve cellular homeostasis. However, the
absence of time-resolved molecular tools for simultaneous dual-signal imaging of two …

Gravitropism is directed growth of a plant or plant organ in response to gravity and can be
divided into the following temporal sequence: perception, transduction, and response. This …

▪ Abstract Plants have developed finely tuned, cellular mechanisms to respond to a variety of
intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. In several examples, these responses necessitate …

Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR is a powerful tool to investigate relevant changes in
gene expression during plant somatic embryogenesis (SE); however, this method lacks …

Plant microtubule arrays differ fundamentally from their animal, fungal and protistan
counterparts. These differences largely reflect the requirements of plant composite polymer …

The intracellular distribution of organelles is a crucial aspect of effective cell function.
Chloroplasts change their intracellular positions to optimize photosynthetic activity in …

Plant morphogenesis depends on polarized exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking.
Members of the Arabidopsis thaliana dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) subfamily are …

Organelle movement is essential for proper function of living cells. In plants, these
movements generally depend on actin filaments, but the underlying mechanism is unknown …