The role of inertia for grid flexibility under high penetration of variable renewables-A review of challenges and solutions

P Makolo, R Zamora, TT Lie - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021 - Elsevier
Several studies show that grid-integrated renewable energy (RE) sources have the potential
to replace conventional synchronous generators in the network. This means the grid will …

Virtual inertia-based inverters for mitigating frequency instability in grid-connected renewable energy system: A review

KY Yap, CR Sarimuthu, JMY Lim - Applied Sciences, 2019 - mdpi.com
This study paper presents a comprehensive review of virtual inertia (VI)-based inverters in
modern power systems. The transition from the synchronous generator (SG)-based …

Understanding small-signal stability of low-inertia systems

U Markovic, O Stanojev, P Aristidou… - … on Power Systems, 2021 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Large-scale integration of renewable generation, usually interfaced to the network through
power electronics, has led to drastic changes in power system dynamics. This paper …

Foundations and challenges of low-inertia systems

F Milano, F Dörfler, G Hug, DJ Hill… - 2018 power systems …, 2018 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The electric power system is currently undergoing a period of unprecedented changes.
Environmental and sustainability concerns lead to replacement of a significant share of …

Placement and implementation of grid-forming and grid-following virtual inertia and fast frequency response

BK Poolla, D Groß, F Dörfler - IEEE Transactions on Power …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The electric power system is witnessing a shift in the technology of generation. Conventional
thermal generation based on synchronous machines is gradually being replaced by power …

LQR-based adaptive virtual synchronous machine for power systems with high inverter penetration

U Markovic, Z Chu, P Aristidou… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2018 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper presents a novel virtual synchronous machine controller for converters in power
systems with a high share of renewable resources. Using a linear quadratic regulator-based …

An overview of stability challenges for power‐electronic‐dominated power systems: The grid‐forming approach

B Shakerighadi, N Johansson… - IET Generation …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
Inverter‐based generators (IBGs) are becoming popular in modern power systems. When
the penetration of IBGs is increasing in power systems, new stability, protection, and …

Virtual inertia scheduling (VIS) for real-time economic dispatch of IBRs-penetrated power systems

B She, F Li, H Cui, J Wang, Q Zhang… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2023 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
A new concept called virtual inertia scheduling (VIS) is proposed to efficiently handle the
increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power systems. VIS is an inertia …

Grid forming inverters: A review of the state of the art of key elements for microgrid operation

S Anttila, JS Döhler, JG Oliveira, C Boström - Energies, 2022 - mdpi.com
In the past decade, inverter-integrated energy sources have experienced rapid growth,
which leads to operating challenges associated with reduced system inertia and intermittent …

MPC-based fast frequency control of voltage source converters in low-inertia power systems

O Stanojev, U Markovic, P Aristidou… - … on Power Systems, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
A rapid deployment of renewable generation has led to significant reduction in the rotational
system inertia and damping, thus making frequency control in power systems more …