Background: It is unclear whether the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is greater with
maternal smoking or with passive smoking during pregnancy. Objectives: To compare the …

Object Observational studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, are valuable
instruments in evidence-based medicine. Case-control studies, in particular, are becoming …

Purpose This study aims to examine the association between maternal passive smoking
during pregnancy and the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. Methods …

Objective: Cranial dermal sinus is a very rare anomaly mostly found in the midline occipital
area, presenting with diverse clinical features from asymptomatic dermal sinus to …

Cephaloceles are rare neural tube defects. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the
charts of all patients with cephaloceles who underwent surgical treatment in our institute for …

Meningocele is a rare congenital malformation of the central nervous system resulting from a
herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through a bony defect in the skull …

Introduction To evaluate the outcomes and demographics of encephalocele patients who
were born and received treatment in our neonatal ICU and conduct a PRISMA literature …

Congenital encephalocele, a type of neural tube defect, is a herniation of the brain and
meninges through a cranial defect. No causal relationship has been established. However …

Purpose A congenital encephalocele is the herniation of intracranial contents through skull
defects of various sizes. Depending on the site, content, and size, it is associated with …

Background Encephaloceles presents as a protrusion of the cranial contents through a
defect in the cranium. The most common sites of occurrence are the occipital and …