Objective The extent to which tryptophan (Trp) metabolism alterations explain or influence
the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unclear. However, several Trp …

Elucidating the design principles of regulatory networks driving cellular decision-making has
fundamental implications in mapping and eventually controlling cell-fate decisions. Despite …

At the molecular level, the evolution of life is driven by the generation and diversification of
adaptation mechanisms. A universal description of adaptation-capable chemical reaction …

Phenotypic (non-genetic) heterogeneity has significant implications for the development and
evolution of organs, organisms, and populations. Recent observations in multiple cancers …

In this review paper we summarize a recent progress on the problem of describing range of
dynamics supported by a network. We show that there is natural connection between …

Simple Summary Cancer is expected to be the leading cause of death due to
noncommunicable diseases in the 21st century. Cancer-related mortality is largely due to …

Metastasis remains an unsolved clinical challenge. Two crucial features of metastasizing
cancer cells are (a) their ability to dynamically move along the epithelial–hybrid …

Naïve CD4+ T cells can polarize into diverse functionally distinct effector cell types such as
Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg. These cell types can also interconvert among one another. The …

The immense regenerative potential of the liver is attributed to the ability of its two key cell
types–hepatocytes and cholangiocytes–to trans-differentiate to one another either directly or …

Division of labor between cells is ubiquitous in biology but the use of multicellular consortia
for engineering applications is only beginning to be explored. A significant advantage of …