Conservation biologists assign population distinctiveness by classifying populations as
evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). Historically, this classification has included ecological …

Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies of free-ranging animals without the need to
capture or even observe them, and thus allows questions to be addressed that cannot be …

Genetic data often exhibit patterns broadly consistent with'isolation by distance'—a
phenomenon where genetic similarity decays with geographic distance. In a heterogeneous …

Phylogenies are extremely useful tools, not only for establishing genealogical relationships
among a group of organisms or their parts (eg genes), but also for a variety of research once …

Phylogeography is a discipline concerned with various relationships between gene
genealogies—phylogenetics—and geography. The word “phylogeography” was coined in …

This paper considers the problem of testing a container class or other modestly-complex API-
based software system. Past experimental evaluations have shown that for many such …

The province of Jujuy lies in the northwestern corner of Argentina, abutting Chile and Bolivia
in the west and northeast, and ranging from 500 to 6,000 m in elevation. As a result of its …

Race is generally used as a synonym for subspecies, which traditionally is a geographically
circumscribed, genetically differentiated population. Sometimes traits show independent …

Elephants from the tropical forests of Africa are morphologically distinct from savannah or
bush elephants. Dart-biopsy samples from 195 free-ranging African elephants in 21 …

Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management, and Conservation of an Ecosystem brings together
twenty years of research by leading scientists to provide the most most thorough …