Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is acknowledged as a major neuromodulator of
nervous systems in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It has been proposed for several …

This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well studied and highly tractable genetic
model organism for understanding molecular mechanisms of human diseases. Many basic …

What is morality? Where does it come from? And why do most of us heed its call most of the
time? In Braintrust, neurophilosophy pioneer Patricia Churchland argues that morality …

Goal-directed social behaviours such as mating and fighting are associated with scalable
and persistent internal states of emotion, motivation, arousal or drive. How those internal …

Background Animal behavior is governed by the activity of interconnected brain circuits.
Comprehensive brain wiring maps are thus needed in order to formulate hypotheses about …

Whether animals experience human-like emotions is controversial and of immense societal
concern [1–3]. Because animals cannot provide subjective reports of how they feel …

Studies of neuropeptide and peptide hormone signaling are coming of age in Drosophila
due to rapid developments in molecular genetics approaches that overcome the difficulties …

Males of most species are more aggressive than females, but the neural mechanisms
underlying this dimorphism are not clear. Here, we identify a neuron and a gene that control …

How brains are hardwired to produce aggressive behavior, and how aggression circuits are
related to those that mediate courtship, is not well understood. A large-scale screen for …