According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world
population will reach nine billion people in 2050, of which 75% will live in urban settlements …

In many countries, water quality monitoring is limited due to the high cost of logistics and
professional equipment such as multiparametric probes. However, low-cost sensors …

Urban farming has been growing in popularity to help secure food needs in urban areas.
Hydroponic is one of the methods to grow crops without soil media being an option for urban …

This research aims to develop a hydroponic farming system by utilizing the Internet of Things
(IoT) as a medium for monitoring the quality of plant nutrition, pH Condition, and …

The depleting area of cultivable lands is increasing demands for implementing improved
techniques that could use less space and produce more than traditional farming. This …

Hydroponics has gained popularity over the past several years because of its capacity to
grow nutrient-rich crops with the least number of resources. This project concentrates on the …

This article describes the prototype developed capable of growing romaine lettuce in a smart
and controlled environment. The smart hydroponics system prototype allows gardening …

The agricultural sector, historically the main source of food globally, faces unprecedented
challenges due to decreasing soil fertility and unsustainable farming practices. This study …

This review explores the critical difficulties confronting global agriculture in the face of
changing climate patterns and limited resources, highlighting the importance of sustainable …