The first generation of stars, often called Population III (or Pop III), form from metal-free
primordial gas at redshifts z∼ 30 and below. They dominate the cosmic star-formation …

We review the progress in modeling the galaxy population in hydrodynamical simulations of
the ΛCDM cosmogony. State-of-the-art simulations now broadly reproduce the observed …

The existence of∼ 109M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years
of the Universe has stimulated numerous ideas for the prompt formation and rapid growth of …

How quasars powered by supermassive black holes formed less than a billion years after
the Big Bang is still one of the outstanding problems in astrophysics, 20 years after their …

The formation of the first galaxies during cosmic dawn and reionization (at redshifts z= 5–
30), triggered the last major phase transition of our universe, as hydrogen evolved from cold …

Starlight from galaxies plays a pivotal role throughout the process of cosmic reionization. We
present the statistics of dwarf galaxy properties at z> 7 in haloes with masses up to 109 M⊙ …

The origin of the supermassive black holes that inhabit the centres of massive galaxies
remains unclear,. Direct-collapse black holes—remnants of supermassive stars, with …

Observations of the high-redshift Universe with the 21cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen
promise to open an entirely new window onto the early phases of cosmic structure formation …

We perform cosmological hydrodynamics simulations with non-equilibrium primordial
chemistry to obtain 59 minihalos that host first stars. The obtained minihalos are used as the …

We describe results from a fully self-consistent three-dimensional hydrodynamical
simulation of the formation of one of the first stars in the Universe. In current models of …