The morbidity and mortality of HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-related diseases were dramatically
diminished by the grounds of the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy, which induces …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) induces persistent suppression of HIV-1 replication and gradual
recovery of T-cell counts, and consequently, morbidity and mortality from HIV-related …

Background Chronic metabolic changes relevant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) infection and in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain undetermined …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the immune cells expressing the
cluster of differentiation 4 cell surface glycoprotein (CD4+ cells) causes progressive decline …

Background Approximately 25% of elite controllers (ECs) lose their virological control by
mechanisms that are only partially known. Recently, immunovirological and proteomic …

Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous
system (CNS). HIV-1 and viral proteins compromise glutamate synaptic transmission …

Poor immunological responders (PIR) are HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression
upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) but persistently low CD4+ T cell counts. Early identification …

Background: Terms and criteria to classify people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy
who fail to achieve satisfactory CD4+ T-cell counts are heterogeneous, and need revision …

Background Approximately 10–40% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection are unable to obtain successful improvements in immune function after …

The immunological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with poor immune
recovery are far from known, and metabolomic profiling offers additional value to traditional …