In the last two decades, there has been growing interest in mRNA-based technology for the
development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases. Technological …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging arbovirus, causes a crippling musculoskeletal
inflammatory disease in humans characterized by fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, rash, and …

The members of the genus Alphavirus are positive-sense RNA viruses, which are
predominantly transmitted to vertebrates by a mosquito vector. Alphavirus disease in …

Abstract Positive-sense RNA ((+) RNA) viruses such as hepatitis C virus exploit host cells by
subverting host proteins, remodelling subcellular membranes, co-opting and modulating …

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, such as coronaviruses, flaviviruses and
alphaviruses, carry out transcription and replication inside virus-induced membranous …

Plus-strand RNA virus replication occurs in tight association with cytoplasmic host cell
membranes. Both, viral and cellular factors cooperatively generate distinct organelle-like …

The RNAi pathway confers antiviral immunity in insects. Virus-specific siRNA responses are
amplified via the reverse transcription of viral RNA to viral DNA (vDNA). The nature …

To better understand how positive-strand (+) RNA viruses assemble membrane-associated
replication complexes (RCs) to synthesize, process, and transport viral RNA in virus-infected …

The positive-strand RNA viruses initiate their amplification in the cell from a single genome
delivered by virion. This single RNA molecule needs to become involved in replication …

ABSTRACT The Old World alphaviruses are emerging human pathogens with an ability to
cause widespread epidemics. The latest epidemic of Chikungunya virus, from 2005 to 2007 …