In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in
dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is destroyed under …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in clinic for approximately 20 years.
During this period, various new populations of MSCs have been found or manipulated …

Background Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that exosomes, the naturally
secreted nanocarriers of cells, can exert therapeutic effects in various disease models in the …

In bone tissue engineering, a combination of biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds with
renewable stem cells has recently emerged as a new strategy for promoting bone …

The insufficient osteogenesis and osseointegration of porous titanium based scaffold limit its
further application. Early angiogenesis is important for scaffold survival. It is necessary to …

Background Functional reconstruction of maxillofacial bone defects is a considerable clinical
challenge. Many studies have emphasized the osteogenic and angiopoietic abilities of stem …

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can regenerate
mesenchymal tissues, such as adipose tissue, bone, and muscle. Recent studies have …

Bone defect repair remains a troubling problem in clinical orthopedics, which involves
complex biological processes. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) have been widely used owing to …

Bone is a nanocomposite composed of organic (mainly collagen) and inorganic
(nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite) components, with a hierarchical structure ranging from …

An ideal bone tissue engineering graft should have both excellent pro-osteogenesis and pro-
angiogenesis to rapidly realize the bone regeneration in vivo. To meet this goal, 2-N, 6-O …