Undesirable side effects of medication are inevitable. Due to the role of the kidneys in
clearance and filtration, the renal system faces a unique situation when it comes to the side …

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of postoperative hepatic
dysfunction and liver failure involving cellular damage to previously ischemic tissues to …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease with high morbidity and mortality.
Glucocorticoids are drugs that effectively relieve AKI, but the systemic side effects of long …

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant peptide transmitter in the mammalian
nervous system, activates mGluR3 at presynaptic sites, inhibiting the release of glutamate …

The present study was designed to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on immune
function, renal function and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing percutaneous …

Kidney pathophysiology is influenced by gender. Evidence suggests that kidney damage is
more severe in males than in females and that sexual hormones contribute to this. Elevated …

Renal dysfunction, including acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD),
continues to present significant health challenges, with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury …

Opioid use and misuse in the United States has been at epidemic proportions and is
predicted to increase further in the setting of the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Acute …

Progression to renal damage by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the result of the
dysregulation of various tissue damage repair mechanisms. Anesthetic preconditioning with …

The targeting of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been shown to reduce
complications related to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) post-surgically. Pirfenidone (PFD) …