Vertebrates harbour microbes both internally and externally, and collectively, these
microorganisms (the 'microbiome') contain genes that outnumber the host's genetic …

Fish skin contains a mucosal microbiome for the largest and oldest group of vertebrates, a
location ideal for microbial community ecology and practical applications in agriculture and …

The mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic
pathogens, including fungi. These surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial …

The microbiomes of fish are complex communities comprising protists, yeasts, viruses, and
members of the Bacteria and Archaea. These communities inhabit the skin, gills, and …

Antibiotics are a relatively common disturbance to the normal microbiota of humans and
agricultural animals, sometimes resulting in severe side effects such as antibiotic-associated …

There is substantial evidence showing that the microbiome of teleosts plays a key role in
host health and wellbeing. Aquaculture practices increase the risk of dysbiosis (ie microbial …

Background The vertebrate clade diverged into Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimeras)
and Osteichthyes fishes (bony fishes) approximately 420 mya, with each group …

The mucosal microbiome plays a role in regulating host health. The research conducted in
humans and mice has governed and detailed the information on microbiome-host immunity …

While serving as critical tools against bacterial infections, antimicrobial therapies can also
result in serious side effects, such as antibiotic-associated entercolitis. Recent studies …

Interest in fish skin immunity and its associated microbiota has greatly increased among
immunologists. The objective of this study is to know if skin ulcers may be associated with …