An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

We review the three prevailing approaches—specificity, cumulative risk, and dimensional
models—to conceptualizing the developmental consequences of early-life adversity and …

Two extant frameworks–the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation
model–attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on …

Adversity early in life is common and is a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology.
Delineating the neurodevelopmental pathways by which early adversity affects mental …

Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations in numerous physical and
mental health outcomes across the life course. The biological embedding of early …

In a previous Perspectives article, we described conceptual problems that pose challenges
for research on the effects of childhood adversity and offered promising directions for future …

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is linked to impairments in various domains of social
functioning. Here, we argue that it is critical to identify factors that underlie impaired social …

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is prevalent and confers risk for
psychopathology later in life. Approaches to understanding the impact of ACEs on …

Despite abundant evidence of the detrimental effects of childhood adversity, its nature and
underlying mechanisms remain contested. One influential theory, the dimensional model of …

The dimensional model of adversity proposes that experiences of threat and deprivation
have distinct neurodevelopmental consequences. We examined these dimensions …