Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most fatal malignancies in the world, is usually
diagnosed in advanced stages due to late symptom manifestation with very limited …

Radiotherapy (RT), besides cancer cells, also affects the tumor microenvironment (TME):
tumor blood vessels and cells of the immune system. It damages endothelial cells and …

Since the pioneering work of Elie Metchnikoff and the discovery of cellular immunity, the
phagocytic clearance of cellular debris has been considered an integral component of …

Effective radiotherapy for cancer has relied on the promise of maximally eradicating tumor
cells while minimally killing normal cells. Technological advancement has provided state-of …

Radiation is an important component of cancer treatment with more than half of all patients
receive radiotherapy during their cancer experience. While the impact of radiation on tumour …

With its vast amount of uncharacterized and characterized T cell epitopes available for
activating CD4+ T helper and CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes simultaneously, whole tumor …

Ionizing radiation is often regarded as an element of danger. But, danger responses on the
cellular and molecular level are often beneficial with regard to the induction of anti‐tumor …

New insight on the interaction between the immune system and tumor has identified the
programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand pathway to be a key player in evading …

Whole tumor cell-based vaccines include all potential antigen-rich cell lysates to target a
specific type of tumor without the need to find the best antigen candidate in protein-or …

Cancer is a major disease with a high mortality rate worldwide. In many countries, cancer is
considered to be the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The …