Complex coacervation is an associative, liquid–liquid phase separation that can occur in
solutions of oppositely-charged macromolecular species, such as proteins, polymers, and …

Polymer complex fibers (PCFs) are a novel kind of fiber material processed from polymer
complexes that are assembled through noncovalent interactions. These can realize the …

Individual amphiphiles, polymers, and colloidal dispersions influenced by temperature, pH,
and environmental conditions or interactions between their oppositely charged pairs in …

Complex coacervates can form through the electrostatic complexation of oppositely charged
polymers. The material properties of the resulting coacervates can change based on the …

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are highly tunable materials that result from the phase
separation that occurs upon mixing oppositely charged polymers. Over the years, they have …

While nature extensively uses electrostatic bonding between oppositely charged polymers
to assemble and stabilize materials, harnessing these interactions in synthetic systems has …

Salt-induced liquid–liquid phase separation in liquid mixtures is a common phenomenon in
nature and in various applications, such as in separation and extraction of chemicals. Here …

Depending on conditions such as the mixing ratio, speed and order of addition, and ionic
strength, when solutions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are mixed, the stoichiometry …

Strongly interacting polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are known to form solid precipitates
that can transform into liquid droplets upon the addition of salt to break intrinsic ionic …

Reversible or movable cross-links based on host-guest interactions in supramolecular
materials create functions such as enhanced mechanical properties and stimulus …