Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at sites of tissue injury and inflammation. Effects
of extracellular ATP are mediated by plasma membrane receptors named P2 receptors …

Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the
extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the …

Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

Abstract Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a highly active pro-inflammatory cytokine that lowers pain
thresholds and damages tissues. Monotherapy blocking IL-1 activity in autoinflammatory …

Ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions across hydrophobic
lipid membranes. In immune cells, divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc …

The inflammasome is a molecular platform formed by activation of an innate immune pattern
recognition receptor seed, such as NLRP3. Once activated, NLRP3 recruits the adapter ASC …

In this article, the 2010 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations
for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with synthetic and biological disease …

The P2X7 receptor is a non-selective cation channel activated by extracellular adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). Chronic activation of P2X7 underlies many health problems such as …

Inflammasome complexes and their integral receptor proteins have essential roles in
regulating the innate immune response and inflammation at the post-translational level. Yet …

The ATP-sensitive homomeric P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has received particular attention as a
potential drug target because of its widespread involvement in inflammatory diseases as a …