The interindividual genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters
influence the efficacy and toxicity of numerous drugs. As a fundamental element in precision …

Part I of this article discussed the potential functional importance of genetic mutations and
alleles of the human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) gene. The impact of CYP2D6 …

Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes can result in altered metabolic
activity toward a plethora of clinically important medications. Thus, single nucleotide variants …

Clinicians understand that individual patients differ in their response to specific opioid
analgesics and that patients may require trials of several opioids before finding an agent that …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

The polymorphic nature of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes affects individual drug
response and adverse reactions to a great extent. This variation includes copy number …

CYP2D6 is of great importance for the metabolism of clinically used drugs and about 20–
25% of those are metabolised by this enzyme. In addition, the enzyme utilises …

Abstract Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is the main (or partial) cause for large
differences in the pharmacokinetics of a number of clinically important drugs. On the basis of …

Over 40 cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 allelic variants have been discovered thus far. The
alleles may be classified on the basis of the level of activity for which they encode CYP2D6 …

Of about one dozen human P450 s that catalyze biotransformations of xenobiotics, CYP2D6
is one of the more important ones based on the number of its drug substrates. It shows a …