Venous malformations are the most common type of congenital vascular malformation. The
diagnosis and management of venous malformations may be challenging, as venous …

Background: Vascular malformations are congenital anomalies of the vascular system.
Intralesional bleomycin injections are commonly used to treat vascular malformations …

Lymphangioma is a common type of congenital vascular disease in children with a broad
spectrum of clinical manifestations. The current classification of lymphangioma by …

This retrospective study examines the outcomes of sclerotherapy in children with (veno)
lymphatic malformations who received sclerotherapy between 2011 and 2016 (116 children …

Purpose To assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional interstitial bleomycin injection in
the treatment of early-stage (Schobinger stage I or II) extracranial arteriovenous …

Percutaneous sclerotherapy is used to treat venous and lymphatic vascular malformations,
which can cause significant discomfort and/or disfigurement. The purpose of this study is to …

Bleomycin has progressively been used to treat low-flow vascular malformations in children. ‍
No significant systemic side effects have been reported in large series after low doses, but …

Venous malformations are very commonly encountered in interventional radiologic practice.
Indications for therapy are clearly defined based on the lesion's impact on patient's quality of …

Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly being used to evaluate the lymphatic system.
Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) software and hardware allow improved visualization …

Extracranial vascular malformations vary greatly and belong to the complex field of orphan
diseases and can involve all segments of the vascular tree: arteries, capillaries, and veins …