It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses
the current evidence on the physical science of climate change, evaluating knowledge …

Abstract The Southern Ocean is an important regulator of global CO2 levels and likely had a
key role in lowering atmospheric CO2 levels during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and …

Glacial to interglacial changes in atmospheric CO 2 are an intriguing part of carbon
reorganization in the climate system and are estimated by investigating deep-water …

Abstract The Subantarctic Southern Ocean has long been thought to be an important
contributor to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) during …

Oceanic upwelling is an important process in ocean cycling and has implications for climate
change and ocean productivity. During the Late Ordovician to early Silurian (O/S) transition …

For its greenhouse effects, atmospheric CO2 can critically influence the global climate on
millennial and centennial timescales. Pleistocene atmospheric CO2 variations must involve …

Antarctic climate warming and atmospheric CO2 rise during the last deglaciation may be
attributed in part to sea ice reduction in the Southern Ocean. Yet, glacial–interglacial …

Identifying the causes and consequences of natural variations in ocean acidification and
atmospheric CO2 due to complex earth processes has been a major challenge for climate …

Over the last deglaciation there were two transient intervals of pronounced atmospheric CO
2 rise; Heinrich Stadial 1 (17.5-15 kyr) and the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.5 kyr). Leading …