Forward osmosis is an emerging osmosis-driven membrane process, which has benefits of
low energy consumption, low operational pressure, easy equipment, and low fouling. This …

Materials which adjust their properties in response to environmental factors such as
temperature, pH and ionic strength are rapidly evolving and known as smart materials …

Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the evolving membrane technologies in desalination with
recent expanded new interest as a low energy process. The most significant parts of FO …

Fouling in membrane distillation (MD) results in an increase in operation costs and
deterioration in a water quality. In this work, a poly (vinylidene fluoride-co …

Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane separation process using a highly concentrated draw
solution with high osmotic potential to draw water across a semi-permeable membrane from …

This review focuses on the present status of forward osmosis (FO) niches in two main areas:
seawater desalination and wastewater reuse. Specific applications for desalination and …

This paper reviews various functional materials used in desalination. Desalination of the
abundant seawater resource has emerged as a promising technology to meet the current …

To overcome the current scarcity of fresh water sustainably, new technologies will be
required that produce potable water from a range of sources, including seawater and …

Despite the impressive progress in forward osmosis (FO) membranes and pilot scale testing
of FO process, lack of draw solutes that can be efficiently regenerated is still a limiting factor …

Today's scientific advances in water desalination dramatically increase our ability to
transform seawater into fresh water. As an important source of renewable energy, solar …