Drug abuse changes neurophysiological functions at multiple cellular and molecular levels
in the addicted brain. Well-supported scientific evidence suggests that drugs negatively …

Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking
despite adverse consequences. There are both heritable and epigenetic mechanisms …

Brain development is a dynamic and lengthy process that includes cell proliferation,
migration, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, and pruning. Disruption of any of …

Healthy persons hold a very complex system for controlling energy homeostasis. The system
functions on the interconnected way between the nutritional, endocrine, neural, and …

Animal models have suggested that prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) alters the κ opioid
receptor system. The present study investigated the brain expression of dynorphin and …

Prolactin (PRL) is an important hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland and plays an
important role in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. Thyrotropin …

Cocaine is one of the most used psychostimulant drugs worldwide. MicroRNAs are post-
transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are highly expressed in brain, and several …

Background Prolactinoma is the leading type of pituitary adenoma. Aside from the mass-like
effect of prolactinoma, its hormonal effect is the main pathological cause of endocrine …

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of pituitary function. MiR-130a-3p
has previously been found to be down-regulated in prolactinoma, but its roles in prolactin …

Dopamine agonists (DAs) are preferred for the treatment of prolactinomas and are usually
very effective. Nonetheless, 20–30% of bromocriptine-and approximately 10% of …