Background: Increasing evidence suggests that cardiac arrhythmias are frequent clinical
features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sinus node damage may lead to …

The rhythmic contraction of the heart is initiated and controlled by an intrinsic pacemaker
system. Cardiac contractions commence at very early embryonic stages and coordination …

Irreversible degeneration of the cardiac conduction system is a common disease that can
cause activity intolerance, fainting, and death. While electronic pacemakers provide effective …

Development of specialized cells and structures in the heart is regulated by spatially-
restricted molecular pathways. Disruptions in these pathways can cause severe congenital …

During development, cells respond rapidly to intra-and intercellular signals, which induce
signaling cascades regulating the activity of transcription factors at the transcriptional and/or …

Perturbation of addition of second heart field (SHF) cardiac progenitor cells to the poles of
the heart tube results in congenital heart defects (CHD). The transcriptional programs and …

The sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary cardiac pacemaker, consists of a head domain and a
junction/tail domain that exhibit different functional properties. However, the underlying …

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type in
China. MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed in mammals and play a significant role in …

The formation and conduction of electrocardiosignals and the synchronous contraction of
atria and ventricles with rhythmicity are both triggered and regulated by the cardiac …

Shox2 plays a vital role in the morphogenesis and physiological function of the sinoatrial
node (SAN), the primary cardiac pacemaker, manifested by the formation of a hypoplastic …