The job-related stress that teachers experience warrants attention. First, job stress can
negatively affect teachers' physical health (de Souza et al., 2012; Katz et al., 2016; Wolfram …

Online learning outcomes have indicated both a gap between online and face-to-face
learning and the amplification of this gap for low-income and minority learners. Evidence …

We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or virtual
learning) in the 2020–2021 school year on students' pass rates on standardized tests in …

We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or distance
learning) on test scores. We combine Spring 2021 state standardized test score data with …

How did political factors and public health affect state and local education decisions during
the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the continuation of in-person schooling? Using an …

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an unanticipated, near-universal shift from in-person to
virtual instruction in the spring of 2020. During the 2020–21 school year, schools began to …

Background Despite considerable efforts to encourage telehealth use during the COVID-19
pandemic, we witnessed a potential widening of health inequities that may continue to …

School principals are facing greater challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic than they
have ever faced, which has implications for whether they can conduct their work productively …

Recruiting and retaining effective special educators is essential for improving the outcomes
of students with disabilities; yet, it remains one of the foremost challenges facing special …

The health and well-being of school leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic have been
largely neglected compared to the health and well-being of students and teachers. This …