Computational studies of steelmaking tundish systems date back to early eighties. Two
independent overviews, published, respectively, in 1999 and 2010, summarize a large …

Ladle shroud is a small but significant device in tundish metallurgy to facilitate both
production process and steel quality. Past decades have witnessed its evolution from a …

Gas was injected into the upper part of a water model ladle shroud, producing micro-
bubbles by the shearing action of the high-speed entry flow of water, combined with …

Mixing time, slag eye area, and wall shear stress in a ladle fitted with dual plugs have been
studied as a function of operating variables, namely, gas flow rate, radial nozzle position …

A novel ladle shroud was employed to produce small bubbles to remove inclusions smaller
than 50 μm meanwhile inhibiting the formation of slag eye. Both water modeling and …

A three-dimensional mathematical model of gas− liquid two-phase flow has been
established to study the flow behavior of liquid steel in the tundish. The effect of the argon …

Micro-bubbles were generated using gas injection through tiny orifices located at the upper
part of the ladle shroud, for deep cleaning the liquid steel. An impact pad was employed to …

It is very important to have a slag detection system (SDS) in steelmaking to detect slag and
prevent its flow for improving the quality of steel produced. Slag raking is used for removing …

Continuous casting is one of the steel production stages, during which the improvement in
the metallurgical purity of steel can be additionally affected by removing nonmetallic …

A swirling flow tundish is developed to deeply clean the liquid steel through enhancing the
coalescence of inclusions. The swirling flow is generated using the gravitational energy of …