The influence of the microenvironment on tumour progression is becoming clearer. In this
Review we address the role of an essential signalling pathway, that of transforming growth …

A functional adaptive immune system depends on a diverse and self-tolerant population of T
lymphocytes that are generated in the thymus and maintained in the peripheral lymphoid …

The ligand specificity of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) in vivo in mouse cardiac
cushion epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is poorly understood. To elucidate the …

The maintenance of self-tolerance is an integral part of the immune surveillance process, in
which cytokines act as master regulators of a complex network involving multiple cell types …

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), an important pleiotropic, immunoregulatory cytokine,
uses distinct signaling mechanisms in lymphocytes to affect T-cell homeostasis, regulatory T …

Ample evidence suggests a role of TGF-β in preventing autoimmunity. Multiorgan
inflammatory disease, spontaneous activation of self-reactive T cells, and autoantibody …

Objectives The NLRP3/ASC inflammasome drives host defence and autoinflammatory
disorders by activating caspase-1 to trigger the secretion of mature interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-18 …

The cellular and noncellular components surrounding the tumor cells influence many
aspects of tumor progression. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic …

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (T regs) play a major role in the maintenance of self-
tolerance and immune suppression, although the mechanisms controlling T reg …

Background: Engineered organogenesis is one of the most challenging areas on the cutting
edge of regenerative medicine. Growth factors can affect cell proliferation, migration and …