In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential
in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and …

Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to
pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept …

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event
associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules
downstream of receptors/sensors that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular …

Plants use an intricate defense system against pests and pathogens, including the
production of low molecular mass secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity, which …

In recent years salicylic acid (SA) has been the focus of intensive research due to its function
as an endogenous signal mediating local and systemic plant defence responses against …

To confer resistance against pathogens and pests in plants, typically dominant resistance
genes are deployed. However, because resistance is based on recognition of a single …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules
regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been …